INTRODUCTION

The Film and Television Industry is a unique business. It also presents unique and unusual occupational health and safety hazards to its workers.

This fact was recognized by members of the Industry and the Ministry of Labour who came together on May 11, 1988, for the first meeting of the Ontario Film and Television Safety Committee.

As a result of this and other meetings, the Safety Guidelines for the Ontario Film and Television Industry were developed.

The Safety Guidelines are not regulations, but are intended to provide guidance to workers and management in the Film and Television Industry in Ontario. This is the fourth edition of the guidelines and replaces those originally developed in November 1990, the second edition of September 1992 and the third edition of March 1997. This edition contains significant revisions to ten of the guidelines. In addition major revisions have been made to safety responsibilities and duties, and a new propane use guideline has been added. In the case of accident or complaint, these guidelines will be referred to by regulatory agencies in determining the provision of due diligence.

These guidelines are intended to assist film and television employers in complying with their legislated responsibility to take every precaution reasonable to protect workers. It is the Occupational Health and Safety Act which must be complied with, and these guidelines have been developed in order to establish reasonable precautions and to assist employers in complying with them.

Regulations which have been established under the Occupational Health and Safety Act must also be complied with. Several of the following regulations will apply to film and television productions:

Regulations for Industrial Establishments	safety requirements for industrial workplaces
Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS) Regulations	establishes measures for worker education regarding controlled products
Regulations for Construction Projects	safety requirements for construction sites (may apply to set construction)
Regulations to Control Exposure to Biological and Chemical Agents	establishes exposure values for various compounds
Regulations for Diving Operations	safety requirements for diving operations

The Industrial Health and Safety Program of the Ministry of Labour accepts these guidelines as being reasonable precautions to take in order to protect the health and safety of workers in the Film and Television Industry. The Ministry will refer to them in conjunction with the requirements of the Occupational Health and Safety Act and other appropriate legislation, such as Regulations for Industrial Establishments, WHMIS Regulations, Regulations for Construction Projects and Regulations for Diving Operations.

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GUIDELINE NO. 1
COMMUNICATION REGARDING HAZARDOUS PROCEDURES

1. Prior to the performance of all stunts, dangerous work situations, or pyrotechnic effects, e.g., working with explosives, explosive devices, flammable or combustible liquids, gas or chemicals on any set, the Production Manager through the 1st A.D., shall give notification to all personnel. The Call Sheet shall state that explosive or pyrotechnical special effects will be utilized. The crew Health & Safety Representative should also be involved in all health and safety meetings.

2. Before any explosive or potentially hazardous sequence is to be performed, a meeting should be called for all personnel involved and they should be thoroughly briefed at a meeting on the site where the explosion sequence is to take place. This meeting should include an "on-site walk-through" or a "dry run" with the Special Effects Co-ordinator and all the personnel involved in the event. The Special Effects Co-ordinator should plan and provide acceptable avenues of escape. An understanding of the intended action, possible deviations and authority to abort should be made clear.

3. If, at any time, substantial changes become necessary, a meeting shall again be called for all personnel involved in the hazardous procedure to confirm everyone's understanding of and agreement to the change(s).

Issued: Nov/90
Revised: Jan/99

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GUIDELINE NO. 2
SEAT BELTS AND HARNESSES FOR VEHICLES AND ROLL CAGES

1. When any automotive vehicle is used in action sequences the should be equipped with seat belts or harnesses, or both where necessary.

2. It is recognized that in the case of exceptional circumstances, e.g., vintage or antique vehicles, it may not be feasible or practical to install seat belts and/or harnesses.

3. Any vehicle involved in a collision of any kind (i.e., sideswipes, Tbones, head-ons, all roll-overs and all jumps) should be equipped with 4 or 5 point harnesses or roll cages, as necessary, for both driver and passenger, made by a professional roll cage manufacturer, or certified by a professional engineer.

4. It is the intent of all parties to provide for the safety of all personnel in and around the automotive vehicles.

Issued: Nov/90
Revised: Jan/99

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GUIDELINE NO. 3
GASOLINE-OPERATED EQUIPMENT

1. Adequate ventilation must be provided if internal combustion engines are to be operated inside of buildings or enclosed structures.

2. Exhaust gases must be vented to the exterior.

3. Such equipment should not be parked near exits. This poses a fire safety hazard.

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GUIDELINE NO. 4
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (WHMIS)

Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS) requires suppliers and employers to identify hazardous materials, advise their employees of proper use, handling and appropriate emergency response.

1. It shall be the responsibility of the individual having control of, or being in possession of, any hazardous material to ensure that the production office is advised and that the Assistant Director and Safety Representative are aware of location, purpose and hazards.

2. Hazardous materials shall be clearly marked & safely stored until use.

3. Hazardous materials shall only be used under the direct supervision of an experienced individual knowledgeable in its effect and potential hazards.

4. The use of hazardous materials shall be preceded by an announcement to the cast and crew of the hazard potential and emergency response plan.

5. A regulation under Ontario law exists which stipulates the requirements for all employers in the Province [see Regulation 860].

NOTE: In Ontario, WHMIS applies to all workplaces covered by the Occupational Health and Safety Act, and to all federal government workplaces. WHMIS applies to hazardous materials known as controlled products. For more information, please see the Occupational Health and Safety Act and WHMIS Regulation and the Guide to WHMIS. These can be purchased from:

Ministry of Labour
Publications Section
400 University Ave
Toronto ON M7A 1T7
Tel: 416-326-7731 or 1-800-268-8013 (ext 6-7731)

Issued: Nov/90
Revised: Jan/99

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D R A F T
GUIDELINE NO. 5
UNDERWATER STUNTS AND UNDERWATER FILM OPERATIONS

A performance that takes place under water must be carried out in compliance with the Regulation for Diving Operations, O. Reg. 629/94. Copies of this regulation are available from Publications Ontario, 880 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, M7A 1N8, telephone:(416) 326-5300, or toll free in Ontario 1-800-668- 9938, and from the Ministry of Labour Publications Section, telephone: (416) 326-7731, or toll-free in Ontario 1-800-268-8013 (extension 6-7731). The main features of this regulation that relate to underwater performances are summarized below.

NOTICE TO THE MINISTRY

The Ministry of Labour is to be notified before a diving operation begins. The notice can be oral or in writing (including facsimile transmission). A completed Notice of Diving Operation Form must be submitted to the Ministry within 30 days of the commencement of the diving operation. Contact numbers for the Ministry are:

Voice (416) 314-5359
Fax (416) 314-5444

A copy of the written notice must be available at the dive site for inspection by a Ministry inspector.

DIVING CREW

Every diving operation must have a minimum crew of three: a diver, a standby diver (at the surface) and a diver's tender. If there is more than one diver, the crew size must be correspondingly increased. One member of the crew must be the supervisor, who is responsible for the diving operation. The duties of a diving supervisor, diver, standby diver and diver's tender are spelled out in the Regulation (sections 12, 13 & 14). Each diver must be medically fit and

competent, through training and experience, to participate in the diving operation. Proof of fitness and competence is to be included in an up-to-date log book, which every diver must have. Other information that must be in the log book is listed in section 63 of the Regulation.

PLANNING

Written operational and contingency plans must be prepared for each diving operation. The plans are to be developed with input from the diving supervisor and to include the items listed in section 7 of the Regulation. All diving crew members are to be briefed on the plans and the plans must be available at the dive site for inspection by a Ministry inspector.

EQUIPMENT

The Regulation has a general requirement that all equipment is to be adequate for its intended use, in good condition, and accompanied by any manuals and other written material necessary for its effective operation. Necessary specific items of personal and dive site equipment are listed in sections 16 and 17. There are also specific requirements for lifelines, communications, cranes and hoisting devices, fall arrest systems, stages, hyperbaric chambers and gauges and metering equipment (sections 18 - 24).

BREATHING MIXTURES

Breathing mixtures are to be suitable for the diving operation, and should not, for example, contain levels of nitrogen or oxygen that would be a hazard at the planned depth and duration of the dive. There must be a primary supply of breathing mixture that is adequate to complete the dive as planned and a secondary supply, which in the case of SCUBA is to be one complete SCUBA unit with a fully charged cylinder. Each diver must also be equipped with an emergency bail-out or reserve system (see sections 26 & 27 of the Regulation). Breathing mixtures must meet the purity requirements of CSA Standard Z275.2- 92. There are also requirements for air compressors where they are being used (section 30).

MEDICAL PROCEDURES

Every diver must have had a medical examination in the 24-month period preceding a dive and obtained a written statement from the examining physician indicating the diver's fitness to dive. The diving supervisor, each diver and at least one other worker at the dive site must have up-to-date certification in basic first aid and cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR). There are additional requirements for dives that involve decompression (sections 34 & 35).

SCUBA & SURFACE-SUPPLIED DIVING

Diving in the entertainment industry will in most cases require the use of self- contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA) or a surface-supplied system. There are specific provisions for both in sections 36 through 41 of the Regulation. Of particular relevance are the prohibitions on the use of SCUBA (section 36); where these apply a surface-supplied system must be used.

OTHER REQUIREMENTS

The Regulation also has requirements for diving in situations that probably seldom arise in the entertainment industry. These include diving to depths greater than 165 feet (deep diving), the use of submersible compression chambers and atmospheric diving systems, special hazards such as diving from a moving vessel, the use of underwater explosives working on underwater mechanisms, and diving in contaminated environments.

Issued: Mar/97

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GUIDELINE NO. 6
SKYDIVING

The following recommendations apply where skydiving will be used in filming. The term "Certified Parachutist" means a Parachutist holding a current and valid certification card issued by a nationally or internationally recognized certification organization such as the Canadian Sport Parachuting Association.

1. Consultation between the Stunt Co-ordinator, the Special Effects Co-ordinator, the Production Manager, and the Director and Camera Operator will determine if skydiving is necessary for a particular scene.

2. Once a determination is made, the Canadian Sport Parachuting Association should be contacted to determine what type of endorsement or certification by the Parachutist would be required for the planned skydive(s).

3. When the information is obtained then a Skydive Co-ordinator should be named. The Skydive Co-ordinator should have an endorsement or certificate equal to, or greater than, that of the Parachutist(s).

4. The Skydive Co-ordinator is responsible for the safety of the skydive. Factors such as location, weather, communication and security as his/her responsibility.

5. Before each jump, all persons involved shall be thoroughly briefed. There should be a "dry run" on the ground at the site.

6. All equipment, props, wardrobe, etc., shall be made available to the Skydive Co-ordinator prior to the skydive for safety evaluation. Final safety approval rests with the Skydive Co-ordinator with respect to equipment and wardrobe used in the jump.

   NOTE: The Pilot must be endorsed for skydiving.

Issued: Nov/90

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GUIDELINE NO. 7
"HIGH FALL"

The following recommendations apply where a high fall will be used in filming. The terms "Stunt Co-ordinator" and "Stunt Performer" mean a co-ordinator or performer holding current and valid certification issued by a recognized organization such as the Ontario Stunt Association.

1. Consultation between the Stunt Co-ordinator, the Director and/or the Production Manager will determine whether a high fall is necessary for a particular scene (meaning a Stunt Performer is needed rather than a dummy).

2. Once a determination is made, a High Fall Co-ordinator should be named. This Co-ordinator should have an endorsement for high falls.

3. The High Fall Co-ordinator in conjunction with the Director and the Production Manager will determine whether boxes, an air bag, descender or decelerator will be used to cushion the Stunt Performer's fall.

4. There should be no less than 2 safety spotters for any fall over 15 feet.

5. Boxes should not be used for falls over 40 feet and air bags should not be used for falls over 120 feet.

6. The Stunt Co-ordinator shall have the final say where the placement of objects can be around the landing area.

7. The Stunt Co-ordinator shall determine if the weather and other conditions are suitable for the fall.

8. The Stunt Co-ordinator shall determine what type of medical support will be needed for the fall. Generally two trained emergency medical providers and a properly equipped ambulance for transportation will be needed.

NOTE: High fall is defined as any fall from a height that requires a specialized fall/arrest system for the safe deceleration of the Stunt Performer.

Issued: Nov/90
Revised: Jan/99

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GUIDELINE NO. 8
ANIMAL HANDLING

1. The safety of working animals and the persons working on such productions shall be a primary concern.

2. Only designated Performers, Professional Trainers and/or Wranglers shall be allowed to work with animals on productions. Anyone not directly involved in the action involving the animals shall NOT distract the animals. It is recommended that enough Wranglers be used to ensure that safe control of animals is maintained, i.e., 1 Wrangler/3 action horses.

   No one shall ride horses "off-camera" except for those designated by Wranglers.

   Under no circumstances will spurs be worn by any Actor or Extra without prior approval of the Stunt Coordinator and/or Wrangler.

3. Notice advising that animals are working shall be given on the Call Sheet prior to shooting. A "closed set" notice should be posted on all stages where animals are working and every effort should be made to maintain a closed set where animals are working on location.

4. The Trainer or person supplying the animal(s) shall be responsible for obtaining all necessary inoculations, permits, applicable licenses and medical safeguards.

5. An easily accessible area shall be available for loading and unloading animals. The horses should always be given a clear path to their holding area. The A.D.s will clear the set of all animals FIRST, at lunch break or wrap, then people will be cleared.

6. An opportunity shall be given to the Trainer and Stunt Co-ordinator to address the cast and crew (including the parents or guardians of any children on the set) about safety precautions while animals are on the set. Safety precautions such as, but not limited to, maintaining a safe distance from wild and exotic animals, no personal pets, no feeding, no running and provisions for escape routes may be included. In the opinion of some Trainers, the presence of menstruating women may cause reaction from animals such as large cats. The Trainer should be consulted in that regard.

7. Live ammunition shall not be allowed on set. Only blank ammunition shall be used. The level of blank ammunition loads and explosives shall be determined in consultation with the Trainer or Wrangler, or both where necessary, and the firearms expert.

8. Tranquillization or sedation of performing animals should be accomplished only where circumstances warrant upon advice of the Trainer and a qualified veterinarian.
   1. Some animals, such as reptiles, should never be sedated.

   2. Tranquillizers should not be used for the purpose of "calming" performing animals. A tranquillized animal is unpredictable.

   3. As a safety backup, consideration should be given to the availability of tranquillizing equipment. Potentially dangerous or complicated animal action shall warrant the presence of a qualified veterinarian.

9. Equipment operated in conjunction with working animals should be in a safe operating condition as determined by the person(s) responsible for such equipment. Basic animal safety equipment such as fire extinguishers, fire hoses and nets should be readily available.

10. Under no circumstances should horse falls be accomplished by tripping or pitfalls.

11. All hitch rails shall be fastened in the ground so that the tugging of a frightened horse cannot pull it loose (i.e., sleeve installation). On a stage, hitch rails will be bolted or fastened in a rigid manner. Scenery and props should be secured. Objects such as ladders or pedestals that easily tip over can startle the animals.

12. Horses being used on a production shall be properly shod for the working surface (e.g., rubber shoes, etc.).

13. The smell of alcohol and perfume has a disquieting effect on animals. All precautions shall be taken in that regard when animals are working.

14. There should be two handlers for each large undomesticated animal such as a large cat or carnivore (mountain lion or larger).

15. Where animals and Performers are working together in a scene which is deemed a stunt or dangerous situation, ample time should be given to allow the Handler, the Stunt Coordinator and the animals to become familiar with the routine and with each other.

16. When an animal on set poses a potential hazard (horses, livestock, etc.), there shall be a qualified first aid provider on set.

17. All Animal Wranglers shall be given a notice prior to shots being fired or the detonation of explosions.

18. The Trainer and/or Wrangler shall ensure that all animals required to work in a film/set location are well prepared for such situations. The Trainer/Wrangler shall train where possible and acclimatize the animals to filming conditions and be satisfied that the animal will perform in a manner conducive to the safety of the cast, crew and general public.

NOTE: Also see Guideline No. 9.

Issued: Nov/90
Revised: Mar/92

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GUIDELINE NO. 9
USE OF EXOTIC/VENOMOUS REPTILES

1. Extreme caution should be taken when using exotic venomous reptiles. The proper antidote (anti-venom) shall be selected depending upon the type of reptile. Location of the antidote shall be printed on the Call Sheet.

2. When a live venomous reptile is to be used in close proximity to personnel and the hazard exists that someone may be bitten, the proper anti-venom serum shall be available. A medical attendant, qualified to perform injections and trained in the procedures of administering anti-venoms, shall also be available on the set.

3. Only personnel essential to the scene will be allowed within a 50 foot perimeter of the reptile.

4. Proper protection (i.e., barriers, gloves, adequate leg guards) for cast and crew who have to work closely with the reptile shall be provided.

5. A snake should be milked the same day to remove most of the venom.

6. Carbon dioxide (CO2) bottles must be on hand.

7. The Snake Handler should have a snake pincer.

NOTE: Also see Guideline No. 8.

Issued: Nov/90

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GUIDELINE NO. 10
MULTIPLE DRESSING ROOM UNITS

1. The Driver/Operator plays an important role in maintaining a high degree of safety while these units are in use and is expected to meet high standards of competency. A qualified person should be present while such units are in operation.

2. Generator exhausts shall be elevated a minimum of three feet above the floor level, and vented to the outside at all times.

3. Skirts or other downward projections encircling the unit shall not be closer than one foot from the ground.

4. All portable electric heaters shall be equipped with safety tip-over switches. Such heaters may be installed only on a temporary basis during extremely cold weather or if the permanently installed heater malfunctions.

5. A single handrail or grab bar shall be required where the floor is over three feet high.

6. The vehicle and/or generator shall be shut down before fueling. Particular caution shall be exercised when priming a carburetor. Fueling shall be done in a safe manner consistent with all provincial and local laws.

7. No anti-freeze shall be added to the potable water tanks.

8. All steps shall be stable, slip proof and constructed securely. All steps must be cleared of ice, snow and mud as required. Substitutes (i.e., concrete blocks, boxes) shall not be used as steps.

Issued: Nov/90

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GUIDELINE NO. 11
SMOKE INHALATION GUIDELINES

1. When creating smoke on any set, the Producer(s) will use the lowest concentration needed to achieve the desired effect.

2. When smoke is created on an interior set, the stage shall be periodically ventilated or exhausted, vertically and laterally. All personnel and animals shall be given a break away from the stage at appropriate intervals.

3. When creating smoke on interior sets, the Producer(s) shall provide, and require the use of respirators approved by NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) or an equivalent approval agency (i.e., Health and Safety Executive in the United Kingdom). These respirators shall provide protection from all possible contaminants produced (i.e., dusts, mists, gases and vapours). Check the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) to determine the required type of respirator.

4. When created smoke is used on any interior set, all non-essential personnel shall be removed from the set. Whenever possible, personnel shall be removed from all dressing rooms located on the stage. Schoolrooms located on the stage shall be vacated.

5. When utilizing smoke on an interior set on location, the Producer(s) shall provide a means to exhaust or ventilate the set.

6. When creating a fire on an exterior location, the Producer(s) shall exercise all reasonable precautions to prevent fire and smoke inhalation and shall make respirators available upon request. Such respirators shall be appropriate to deal with exterior smoke.

7. When smoke is scheduled to be created on any set, prior notification as to use and type shall be given to all personnel. Whenever possible, the Call Sheet shall state that smoke is to be used and the person responsible for providing respirators shall be designated.

8. The use of any substances known to be carcinogenic shall be banned (i.e., fullers earth, benzene smokes, and burning rubber tires).

Issue: Nov/90
Revised: Aug/92

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GUIDELINE NO. 12
EXPLOSIVES AND/OR PYROTECHNICS

1. Prior to the performance of all dangerous work situations or pyrotechnic effects, e.g., working with explosives, explosive devices, flammable or combustible liquids, gas or chemicals on any set, the Production Manager, through the lst A.D., shall give notification to all personnel. The Call Sheet shall also state that explosive or pyrotechnical special effects are to be utilized.

2. Before any explosive or potentially hazardous sequence is to be performed, a meeting should be called for all personnel involved and they should be thoroughly briefed at a meeting on the site where the explosion sequence is to take place. This meeting should include an "on-site walk-through" or a "dry run" with the Special Effects Co-ordinator and all the personnel involved in the event. The Special Effects Co-ordinator should plan and provide acceptable avenues of escape. An understanding of the intended action, possible deviations and authority to abort should be made clear.

3. If, at any time, substantial changes become necessary, another meeting shall be called to confirm everyone's understanding of and agreement to the change(s).

4. It is recognized that there can be unforeseen or unique situations which might require on-site judgement differing from these guidelines, and such judgement may have to be made in the interest of safety of cast and crew.

5. Prior to, and after any pyrotechnical effect, the Special Effects Co-ordinator shall remain on set at all times to deal with safety matters.

6. The lst A.D. or the Special Effects Co-ordinator, or both where necessary, shall clearly announce to all persons the location of exits and escape routes. The escape route must provide unobstructed passage to the exterior of the building, structure or workspace.

7. Each person should check the escape route in order to assure that it is, and will remain, accessible. Any person who is unsure of the designated escape route should check with the lst A.D. and learn the escape route before entering the work area.

8. The lst A.D., Special Effects Co-ordinator, and/or the crew Health & Safety Representative, or all where necessary, shall ensure that there is a clear fire route for emergency and firefighting vehicles at all times.

9. Only persons and crew necessary for the purpose of filming will be in the explosives area. The 1st A.D., Special Effects Co-ordinator, and/or crew Health & Safety Representative will ensure that before a special effect is performed all other personnel will be safely cleared away from the explosives area.

10. No smoking is permitted in the explosives area. "No Smoking" signs shall be posted in all areas of the premises or locations where explosives and/or pyrotechnic devices are stored and handled.

11. After each shoot, no one shall go into the explosives area other than the Special Effects Co-ordinator until the Special Effects Co-ordinator deems it safe to do so.

12. No child under the age of 16 should be close to explosives nor should they be body squibbed. The exception would be children who are designated as qualified Stunt Performers and for whom the signed authority of the parent or guardian is obtained.

13. Transportation of explosives and/or pyrotechnic devices shall be governed by the provisions of all applicable federal, provincial and municipal laws, and the proper authorities (to be defined) shall be notified when using explosives on the set.

14. All explosives and explosive devices must be shunted.

15. Detonation of explosives must be from a separate DC power.

16. When preparing pyrotechnics, radio transmissions of any kind including mobile phones in the area must be turned off.

17. Crew or other "off camera" personnel should be safely protected by moving a safe distance away from the pyrotechnic effect. No personnel should be in the vicinity of the effect without ear and eye protection. Consideration should also be given to using shatterproof clear plastic shield (½" minimum) and camera blankets (to protect camera operator and focus puller).

18. When the special effect involves large flying objects such as a car rolling over or exploding near a camera, consideration should be given to using a camera in a protective box (Imo camera).

19. Special consideration should be given to situations where there is a possibility of a camera operator or focus puller being injured. In this situation camera lock-off should be considered.

20. Check with local municipalities to see if there is a requirement for an Emergency Task Force Explosive Disposal Unit (ETF) to be present. The Toronto Film Commissioner requires film companies as part of their permit to have explosives and/or pyrotechnics supervised by ETF Technicians.

21. The Explosives Regulatory Division (ERD) of Natural Resources Canada has developed a certification program for pyrotechnic special effects technicians. For more information contact:

    Natural Resources Canada
    Explosives Regulatory Division
    580 Booth Street, 15th Floor
    Ottawa, Ontario
    K1A 0E4
    

    Attention: John Hendrick
    Telephone: (613) 995-8439
    Fax: (613) 943-8305
    

Issued: Nov/90
Revised: Jan/99

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GUIDELINE NO. 13
ELECTRICAL SAFETY

NOTE: This is intended only to highlight certain generalities contained in the Appendix - Electrical Safety. It is necessary for the entire Appendix to be read for a clear understanding of Electrical Safety - as applied to Film and Television Production.

1. The Gaffer/Lighting Director or the Best Boy are in charge of all temporary power distribution systems for film or video production. They must be consulted prior to the use of any electrical system.

2. Under no circumstances should anyone, other than a trained technician or the designer of a fixture, attempt an "on the spot" repair to electrical equipment.

3. Stay clear of lighting fixtures and lamps.

4. Care should be taken not to walk on, or drive over, electrical cables.

5. The Electrical Department should have an Emergency Lighting System available to adequately light an escape route in the event of a blackout.

6. During an extreme electrical storm the Generator Operator may consult with the Department Head and/or Production Manager to determine if it is necessary to power down.

See Appendix A Electrical Safety

Issued: Nov/90
Revised: Jan/99

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GUIDELINE NO. 14
SCAFFOLDING AND MOBILE ELEVATING EQUIPMENT

1. Erection and dismantling procedures are to be conducted by experienced personnel using proper techniques and making full use of the correct equipment. This includes the following:
   1. The 3 to 1 rule. The total working height of a freestanding scaffolding tower be 3 times the distance of the narrowest side of the base (if this is a measurement of outriggers, they must be set symmetrically about the tower, according to the workbook titled "Scaffolds" produced by the Construction Safety Association of Ontario).

   2. All towers must be plumbed and leveled.

   3. The location including foundation area, overhead dangers and public interference shall be under the control of the production company.

   4. Platforms are properly decked with sawn lumber planks of construction or Number 1 Grade spruce, and the surface should be finished with plywood sheathing, as necessary.

   5. That frames are used to climb on, and braces are not to be climbed on.

   6. Follow manufacturer's recommendations included in Equipment Manuals, Bulletins or Safety Decals.
2. Access to up and down scaffolding and/or mobile elevating devices is to be accomplished by proper devices. This includes ladders properly secured, and proper climbing techniques, such as the three-point contact method.

3. Equipment being ferried up and down be properly secured and belayed. Equipment on top must be secured to the main framework or body of tower or device.

4. Moving scaffolding or mobile elevating devices with workers and/or equipment aboard is not recommended. If it is necessary, there must be complete control of the work site and a smooth, level path of travel. The path is to be clear of any overhead obstructions, especially power lines. The hazards of approaching any overhead power lines shall be resolved by the electrician. The worker on the device is to be allowed time to make a safe and proper belay, independent of the tower or device, or be allowed time to dismount.

5. Hanging large areas of material (black drapes, tarpaulin, silks, etc.) from a tower or elevating device on an exterior location is to be considered a potential danger to workers and equipment on the tower or device, and in the lee of the tower or device. If there is a wind or gusts, the Key Grip may remove either people or the materials, or both, from the tower, device and area to reduce the risk of capsizing.

6. The Key Grip is to be consulted as to a safe number of people and equipment working on or from a tower or mobile elevating device.

7. A guardrail is recommended for any scaffold of any height, however, a scaffold platform from which a worker may fall a vertical distance of 8 feet or more, must be provided with a guardrail. The guardrail shall have a top rail, intermediate rail and toe-board. The guardrail must be capable of resisting any load applied to it. The top of the guardrail shall be located not less than 3 feet and not more than 42 inches above the surface on which it is installed. If the scaffold is more than 6 inches from a building, there must be a guardrail on the front of the stage of the scaffold.

8. A scaffold shall be designed by a professional engineer and erected according to the design specifications if:
   1. the scaffold exceeds 50 feet in height above its base support;

   2. the scaffold exceeds 30 feet in height above its base support if it is made of a tube and clamp system.

9. Clearances from live power lines shall be as noted below:

   Minimum distance from live power lines for electricity:
   Voltage of live power line	Minimum Distance
   750 to 150,000 volts	3 metres
   150,001 to 250,000 volts	4.5 metres
   250,001 volts and over	6 metres

   NOTE: Per section 64 of the Industrial Regulations.

   Fall Protection for Scaffold Erection and Dismantling, Cherry Pickers, Scissor Lifts and Elevated Lifting Devices

   1. Positive fall protection must be used when a worker is at risk of falling a distance of at least 10 feet. This rule applies where work is performed on a surface within 6 feet of a fall hazard. Generally, positive fall protection could include the following: a guardrail, a fall arrest system, a travel restraint system, a specially equipped ladder.

   2. A fall arrest system consisting of a full body harness or 5 point harness with lanyard, must be used by workers engaged in erecting or dismantling a scaffold.

   3. When lifting materials more than 3 frames in height from ground level, a well wheel and davit must be used. The worker stationed on the scaffold platform receiving the material must be equipped with a fall arrest system. Where practicable, a lifeline connected to a fixed structure or building and/or a horizontal or vertical static line may be used.

Issued: Nov/90
Revised: Jan/99

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GUIDELINE NO. 15
HELICOPTERS

1. Single channel communication between ground and air shall be established and maintained at all times during operation of the helicopter using only one ground contact.

2. The individual attached to the helicopter support truck shall be designated as the person to supervise safety around the helicopter.

3. There shall be no smoking within 50 feet of the helicopter.

4. Unless needed, all personnel should remain at least 50 feet away from the helicopter.

5. Extreme caution should be exercised when working around the helicopter - especially when the helicopter engine is running. Leave and approach the helicopter from the front cautiously. At all times, keep eyes and head forward.

6. Always avoid rear and tail sections of the helicopter.

7. No person or animal should walk under tail sections of the helicopter.

8. Do not extend any equipment vertically into rotor blades - such as cameras, lights, sound booms, etc.

9. Carry all equipment parallel to ground within 50 feet of the helicopter.

10. Pilots are the authorities concerning all helicopter operations and all questions should be directed to them.

11. Never, under any circumstances, throw anything such as grip tape, clothing, paper, etc., around the helicopter - whether it is running or not.

12. The landing area should be cleared of debris and, where necessary, wet down.

13. Protect eyes as well as equipment when the helicopter is landing and taking off.

14. Plot plans and graphics will be prepared to locate landing area, intended flight paths, designated emergency landing sites, and locations, as well as types of explosives or squibs.

15. The Pilot in command will have final approval as to aerial traverse and hovering positions of the aircraft.

16. All procedures relating to stunts, firearms, pyro, etc., will be fully observed.

17. When Camerapersons are hanging out with the door off they should be wearing a seat belt, and safety harness. The camera should also be secured separately from the Cameraperson.

18. In the case of combined vehicle/helicopter stunts, the ground should be wet down only if acceptable to the Stunt Drivers and the Pilot.

19. A copy of the Safety Guideline No. 15 should be printed on, or added to, all Call Sheets whenever helicopters are to be used.

Issued: Nov/90

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GUIDELINE NO. 16
FIXED-WING AIRCRAFT

1. Except where necessary for takeoff or landing, the Ministry of Transportation (MTO), prohibits the operation of an aircraft below the following altitudes:

   Over Congested Areas
   Over any area of a city, town or settlement, or over any open air assembly of persons, an altitude of 1,000 feet above the highest obstacle within a horizontal radius of 2,000 feet of the aircraft.

   Over other than Congested Areas
   An altitude of 500 feet above the surface, except over open water or sparsely populated areas. In that case, the aircraft may not be operated closer than 500 feet to any person, vessel, vehicle, or structure.

2. All flights must conform with MTO regulations and the Pilot must obtain a proper waiver before operating an aircraft in the situations outlined above. A certificate of waiver must be in effect and available for inspection.

3. Before a stunt or sequence is to be performed, all persons involved shall be thoroughly briefed. There should be a "dry run" on the ground at the site.

   The persons necessary for the filming will be briefed as to any potential hazards and safety questions prior to the filming.

   A preplanned stunt will not be changed in any way without the authorization of the Pilot and the Aerial Co-ordinator, if any.

   There is a question as to the safety of any aerial filming sequence involving low, over-the-camera shots, a briefing will be held between the Pilot and concerned persons as to whether the use of a locked off camera is necessary.

4. Only persons and crew necessary for the purpose of filming will be in the area. All other personnel are to be at least 500 feet away from the flying aircraft. All persons without written or verbal permission shall be excluded from the area.

5. Single channel communication between ground and air should be established and maintained at all times during the operation of the aircraft using only ONE ground contact.

6. Where required by the appropriate governmental agency, there will always be an Aerial Co-ordinator on the ground when an aircraft is in the air or taxiing. An Aerial Co-ordinator will be appointed by the designated Chief Pilot.

7. If safety becomes a question at any time, the Aerial Co-ordinator, the Pilot involved or the Safety Representative shall have the authority and responsibility to call an abort of the operation.

8. Aircraft engines shall not be started and the aircraft shall not be taxied in spectator, cast or crew areas unless appropriate measures are taken to prevent hazardous conditions for spectators, cast or crew.

   Cast, crew and equipment shall be protected from debris thrown back by airplanes taxiing out or taking off.

   If an aircraft is being filmed with the engine running, adequate safety precautions shall be taken in connection with activity in front of the propeller. Whenever an aircraft's engine is running, a licensed person should occupy the Pilot's seat and be in control and the aircraft should be anchored against forward movement.

9. There shall be no smoking within 100 feet of the aircraft or support truck.

10. When the Camerapersons are filming with the door off they shall be wearing a seat belt and safety harness. The camera must also be secured separately from the Cameraperson.

11. Aircraft structures can be damaged easily while on the ground. The Pilot's permission should be obtained before pushing, handling, sitting on or in, or laying any objects of any kind on, an aircraft.

    If a foreign object falls into or against an aircraft, report it immediately to the Pilot or Aerial Co-ordinator.

    Never allow cast or crew to occupy an aircraft while engines are started or running, unless the Pilot is in full command.

12. Each end of an operational runway or landing area should be cleared during take-off and landing. Appropriate safety precautions should be taken as to the placement of camera equipment when filming the take-off or landing.

13. Acrobatic manoeuvres shall be conducted in a direction which will most nearly parallel the boundaries of the designated crew and equipment area or in a direction away from such area.

14. The front of the studio Call Sheet should contain a statement to the effect that:

    "An aircraft is being used and will be flown in close proximity to crew and equipment. Concerns should be made known to the Production Manager or lst A.D. prior to any filming".

15. A copy of Safety Guideline No. 16 should be printed on, or added to, all Call Sheets whenever fixed-wing aircraft are to be used.

Issued: Nov/90

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GUIDELINE NO. 17
INSERT CAMERA CARS

1. An insert Camera Car shall be a vehicle that is specifically engineered for the mounting of cameras and other equipment for the purpose of photography of, or in, a stationary or moving vehicle. Only such vehicles should be used for this purpose. The use of any other vehicle for this purpose is not advised, nor should it be considered grounds for not following these guidelines.

   The person in charge of such a vehicle shall be known as "The Operator".

   The Camera Car should be safety checked before and after use on a daily basis by qualified experienced personnel. Items such as brakes, tires, electrical system and towing equipment should be included in this check. A record of such checks should be kept and signed by the Operator.

2. Any rigging should be done in a safe manner by qualified experienced personnel.

3. An insert Camera Car used for night filming shall be provided with two portable tail lights which are affixed to the towed vehicle to provide rear lighting.

4. The maximum number of people on or in such vehicles should not exceed 7, unless the design of the vehicle clearly allows.

   A placard should be clearly visible on the rear of the vehicle stating the maximum number of people allowed.

   In order to ensure clear lines of sight to the Operator, only he or she should be in the cab while the vehicle is in motion.

   Any person not directly associated with the shot at hand should not be allowed on the vehicle while in motion.

5. Any equipment not essential to the sequence at hand should not be transported on or in the Camera Car.

6. Rear Towing - no person shall be on the towbar or the exterior of the towed vehicle, except a qualified Stunt person who has accepted the danger and risk involved. This does not include any towed camera platform designed for such a purpose.

7. Extra consideration should be given to the safety of personnel working on such vehicles during adverse conditions, e.g., bad weather, stunts and use of explosives.

8. Any electrical circuits should have a ground fault interrupter device attached.

9. All laws relating to the operation of a motor vehicle on the highway shall be strictly observed at all times, and any insurance should reflect the special operation of such vehicles.

   COMMUNICATIONS

10. Any special communications used regarding the operation of a Camera Car, such as sound signals, should be announced at a meeting of any personnel involved prior to any use of the vehicle.

11. Only one person should be in contact with the Operator through a separate open channel. In the event of radio silence being imposed another set of signals shall be used.

12. A "dry run" or "walk-through" of any action should be conducted prior to rehearsal or filming with all personnel involved present. An understanding of any intended action, possible deviations and authority to abort should be made clear to all concerned.

13. In the interests of uniformity throughout the industry, the following sound signals should be used by the operator of the Car:

    Prior to moving forward -- sound two short blasts on the horn on the Car.

    Prior to backing up -- sound three short blasts.

    Emergency stop -- one long blast.

    NOTE: At night when shooting in residential areas, alternative signals could be used.

14. A copy of these guidelines should be kept in the glove compartment of any insert Camera Car.

Issued: Nov/90

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GUIDELINE NO. 18
USE OF FIREARMS

GENERAL
1. Guns are dangerous and should be treated as loaded at all times.

2. Live ammunition should NEVER be used.

3. Under no circumstances should a gun be pointed at anyone, including yourself, especially those loaded with blank ammunition.

4. Never indulge in horseplay while in charge of, or responsible for, any weapon.

5. A "No Smoking" rule should apply to any area where ammunition or powder is stored, and signs to this effect posted.

6. All pertinent federal and provincial laws and regulations should be applied to the transportation and handling of weapons/ammunition/powder.

7. Please note that for the purpose of this bulletin, the words "gun" and "weapon" may be considered interchangeable.

8. All weapons on a set should be in the care and charge of the designated handler (Weapons Handler) who should be:
   • in possession of a valid Firearms Acquisition Certificate, Permit to Carry a Restricted Weapon, and a Weapons Specialist Permit (for use in the motion picture industry under Bill C68, the new Canadian Firearms Act);

   • be familiar with any weapons being used, and their safety requirements;

   • be familiar with the loading and unloading procedures for such weapons; and

   • be familiar with the applicable laws and regulations concerning the handling, transportation and storing of any blank ammunition, powder, etc., which may be required.
   NOTE: A restricted weapon is one which has been manufactured to fire live ammunition. A restricted weapon which has been modified by a qualified Gunsmith is still a restricted weapon. A firearm which has been manufactured to fire blanks only is not a restricted firearm but should be treated as if it was.

9. Practical weapons should not be used where a replica would suffice.

   Only a gun that has been manufactured for this purpose, and built accordingly by qualified personnel, should be used to fire a charge.

   No gun that is to be fired should be modified in any way, unless this has been done by a qualified Gunsmith with the approval of the manufacturer.

   No gun should be modified except as described in b).

10. The Handler is to be responsible for:
    • Checking weapons before and after each use;

    • Cleaning the weapons daily;

    • Keeping a daily inventory of weapons in their care; and

    • Making sure that any legal requirements regarding the storage and use of weapons and ammunition are complied with at all times.

11. Never fire a gun with dirt, sand or any unapproved blockage in the barrel.

    Never put a weapon down in such a way that dirt or sand might cause a blockage.

    In the event of a misfire or jam, no one other than the Handler should attempt any remedy. If the Handler is unsure as to what is causing the problem, the weapon should be taken out of use until such time as the cause can be determined. The weapon should not be used again until the Handler informs the Director or Producer that it is safe to do so.

    HANDLING OF GUNS ON SET

12. Any gun brought onto the set should be registered with, and placed in the care of, the Handler.

    Any gun not immediately required on set should be secured under lock and key by the Handler.

    Guns should be removed from Actors or Stunt People between takes wherever possible and kept in a safe place.

13. The Handler should be allowed time to fulfill the following:
    • To discuss with the Directors and A.D.s how any weapons might be used in a particular scene;

    • To point out any safety requirements needed; and

    • To make sure that any Actor or Stuntperson using the weapons is fully aware of the safety rules for the handling and firing of such weapons.

    NOTE: No crew or other "off camera" personnel should be in the vicinity of a gun being fired without the minimum protection of safety goggles and ear plugs. Shatterproof clear plastic shield should be placed between any camera crew and a fired weapon which is directed toward or in the direction of the camera.

14. It should be the responsibility of only the Handler to load and unload weapons. If this is unreasonable, e.g., in the case of large numbers, then the Handler may designate assistants to assist, under his or her supervision, the handling, loading and unloading of weapons.

    NOTE: These assistants should be chosen only by the Handler who should have adequate time to familiarize them with the procedures expected of them and the safe handling of the weapons and ammunition in question.

15. Only the appropriate type of blank ammunition should be used. Ammunition made specifically for theatrical use should be obtained in the correct load for the effect required.

    In the event crimped blanks are used they should only be commercially manufactured and never reloaded. When crimped blanks are used consideration should be given to the following safety precautions:

    • shatterproof clear plastic shield
    • eye and ear protection
    • sound blankets over camera, operator and focus puller.
    Shot gun popper loads or dog training loads should not be used as they may contain wads that become projectiles and may cause injury. Only those blanks specifically designed for use in motion picture production should be used.

    Factory loaded ammunition should never be tampered with.

    Any safety guidelines or specifications, laid out in handbooks supplied by the manufacturer of a weapon, should be made known to and must be adhered to by all concerned.

16. The crew and other personnel on set should be warned prior to any weapons being fired.

17. This guideline should be attached to or noted in the safety section of the Call Sheet when a script requires weapons to be fired on set.

18. If a firearm needs to be fired directly at a camera consideration should be given to locking off the camera. A shatterproof clear plastic shield should be placed in front of the focus puller and blanket over camera person.

19. Any of the firearms that eject a spent casing should be tested to determine the angle of discharge of the spent casing. Make sure all unnecessary people are cleared from the area of the discharge. When actors, cameras or crews must be in the area where casings will be traveling, ensure that they are all at a safe distance or shielded from the firearm.

20. Check with local municipalities to see if there is a requirement for an Emergency Task Force Explosive Disposal Unit (ETF) to be present. The Toronto Film Commissioner requires film companies as part of the permit to have gun fire supervised by ETF Technicians.

Issued: Nov/90
Revised: Jan/99

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GUIDELINE NO. 19
CAMERA CRANES

1. Only the Key or Dolly Grip should be consulted as to the adequacy of any specific equipment for a particular sequence or shot given the prevailing conditions.

2. No fewer than two people should be separately designated as crew for any crane.

3. Preparation of the equipment chosen and support surfaces should only be under the control of a Grip experienced in its use, and who has been designated by the Key Grip. Only this person shall give movement orders thereafter.

   Under no circumstances should any person or equipment be added to, or removed from, a crane without the permission of the Grip in charge.

   A crane should not be left unattended while being prepared for use, or while in use.

4. The following precautions should always be taken when using a crane:

   When receiving a crane on set, check the crane's log (when it was last inspected or x-rayed, etc.).

   Incomplete or damaged equipment should never be used.

   No crane shall be used closer than the following distances from power lines:

   750-150,000 volts - 3 metres (10 feet)
   150,000-250,000 volts - 4.5 metres (15 feet)
   over 250,000 volts - 6 metres (20 feet)
   

   When using a crane close to overhead obstructions or mounted on moving vehicles, ensure that adequate clearance is maintained at all times taking special care with personnel involved in its use.

   When using a crane on unstable surfaces, such as sand, a crane should be blocked in a way to prevent collapse if the surface shifts. This also applies to laying any supports or track over changing surfaces, such as sand to rock, or over grades (changes in height of the surface).

   The crane base and pedestal should always be level and plumb before it is used.

   Any riser used to raise a crane should be capable of supporting the weight of the crane and the personnel using it. It should also be adequately braced against collapse, taking the surface conditions into account.

   Tracking surfaces should be properly laid and constructed in accordance with supplier's/manufacturer's recommendations.

   The crane arm should never be left unbalanced.

   If uncoated lead ingots are being used as weights, gloves should be worn by workers before handling them.

5. Clear announcements and warnings of the intended moves and times should be given to all persons likely to be in the vicinity of a moving crane.

   No one should pass under either arm of a crane without permission of the Grip in charge.

   The Grip in charge should ensure that persons riding the crane use seats and safety belts.

6. The use of a crane should be noted in the safety section of the Call Sheet with the following note attached:

   "A camera crane will be used on sc#...Please keep its working radius clear of people and equipment, and respond to the requests of the Grip in charge".

Issued: Nov/90
Revised: Jan/99

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GUIDELINE NO. 20
WATER HAZARDS

The following procedures are recommended for all water work including ponds, rivers, lakes, swamps, bogs and oceans:

1. Small controlled ponds within studio property should be kept drained. The pond should be filled immediately prior to production and drained when production is completed.

2. Water in large, controlled ponds located inside studio property should be analysed with written results available to production staff no later than 48 hours prior to production use. If results indicate unacceptable levels of contaminants, steps to eliminate them will be taken. A second, independent analysis should be conducted and results made available to the Producer no later than 24 hours before use.

3. When location filming is contemplated in still water areas such as swamps, bogs, or ponds, the Producer shall determine the pollution or contaminant content through analysis of water samples. If results show unacceptable levels, precautions should be taken (i.e., wearing a special suit so no water touches the skin) or the location should be changed.

   NOTE: Extreme care should be taken regarding the existence of snakes and other poisonous reptiles.

4. When filming in a body of water is contemplated, the Producer shall obtain all available knowledge from local authorities as to currents, winds, storms, natural hazards, upstream configurations such as dams, waste disposal sites, chemical plant dumping sites, and flash flood dangers, etc., prior to actual filming.

   NOTE: If a safety hazard is found to exist, the Producer shall inform all cast and crew and take precautions to minimize or eliminate the risk, or relocate the shooting site.

5. When it is necessary for personnel to work in fast moving rivers, downstream safety equipment such as ropes shall be provided. Pickup personnel shall be stationed for emergency rescue.

6. When filming on or in a body of water is contemplated, the Producer should contact local authorities (including police and fire departments) to determine if any known hazards such as sub-surface objects, underwater life or contaminants exist. If a safety hazard is found to exist, the Producer shall inform all cast and crew and shall take precautions to minimize or eliminate risk, or relocate the shooting site.

7. Where boating traffic is anticipated, all precautions including those mandated by the appropriate authorities will be enforced.

8. All personnel scheduled for water work shall be notified in advance.

9. All personnel working in or around water shall have the ability to swim and/or appropriate water safety devices shall be provided.

10. Water temperature should be taken into consideration, especially during the colder seasons or when production companies are shooting at distant and/or upper elevations.

    NOTE: This is imperative due to the real possibility of hypothermia, a lowering of the internal body temperature to below 37°C caused by exposure to cold. Hypothermia can be fatal.

    Where necessary, the Producer shall provide the required "wet" or "dry" suits for personnel required to work in the water. Safety notices regarding the treatment of hypothermia shall be attached to the Call Sheet.

11. All foreign objects which are potentially hazardous other than those required for pictorial needs should either be removed or identified and marked.

12. All personnel should be advised to keep potential contaminants away from the water such as paints, thinners, repellents, gasoline and oils, etc.

13. Post-immersion washing facilities should be available to all water use sites and their use enforced.

14. No electrical source other than DC should be utilized for production use in close proximity to water, including ponds, rivers, lakes, swamps, bogs and oceans, unless each AC source, or unit, or both where necessary, is separately grounded with a ground fault interrupter used between any power source and a connected unit drawing from that source.

Issued: Nov/90
Revised: Jan/99

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GUIDELINE NO. 21
OPEN FLAMES

1. The Special Effects Co-ordinator and the Stunt Co-ordinator should be consulted regarding all necessary fire prevention, medical, and safety precautions which should be undertaken on a set where open flames are involved.

2. Appropriate fire authorities and government authorities should be contacted prior to the use of open flames, whether at the studio or on location.

3. When torches, candles, fireplaces or other open flames are used, such use must be under controlled situations with due regard for the safety of all involved. All Performers, including Stunt Performers, should be notified reasonably in advance of their involvement with open flames.

4. Flammables and combustibles shall be kept a safe distance from open flames. When used on set to act as a fire accelerant, continual ventilation should be initiated until ignition or clean up and storage is completed. Additionally, such materials shall always be kept in approved containers.

   Each propane tank "shut off" location should have an operator, who has a clear view of propane fires at all times.

   All gas lines in connection with the use of open flames shall be approved in accordance with applicable building, fire and gas codes.

   All stationary open flame fixtures should be firmly secured.

5. Any Stunt Personnel directly involved with interior fire sets shall wear protective fire equipment (i.e., nomex suits).

   All wardrobe to be used in any type of burn should be treated with approved fire retardant or should be of a high cotton or wool fabric content due to the melting properties of many synthetic materials.

   Appropriate fire retardant covers shall be provided for the camera, where applicable.

   Water gel should be used at all times on all exposed areas of skin, including the Performers' hair if it is uncovered.

   A Performer should have the option of wearing a natural hair wig.

6. If the stunt is a "partial burn" there should be no fewer than 2 safety people, each equipped with proper fire extinguishers.

   NOTE: A "partial burn" is defined as: "When a Stunt Performer carries an amount of fire limited to a restricted area of the body (i.e., an arm, a leg, a portion of the torso) and does not inhibit the sight or breathing of the Stunt Performer".

7. If the stunt is a "full burn", there should be no fewer than 3 safety people, each equipped with proper fire extinguishers.

   NOTE: A "full burn" is defined as: "When a substantial part of the body is on fire or when the flames reach or interact with the head area and could limit the sight or breathing of the Stunt Performer. Any fire gag where a breathing apparatus or eye protection is required".

8. A special note shall be made in the safety section of all Call Sheets when fire stunts are performed or when the burn should be a safe distance from the actual location.

Issued: Nov/90

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GUIDELINE NO. 22 CHILD PERFORMERS' CODE: RECORDED PERFORMANCES

The Ontario Film and Television Industry Section 21 Advisory Committee has developed the following code for child actors and submitted it to the Ministry of Labour with the recommendation that it be made mandatory (i.e., legal requirement). It is expected that the Ministry will implement the code as a regulation later this year.

DEFINITIONS
1. In this Code,
   • "child performer" means a person under sixteen years of age who performs in the film, television, music, video or other entertainment industry and whose performance is recorded for future reproduction;

   • "parent" includes a person having custody of a child under the Children's Law Reform Act, R.R.O. 1990, c. C.12;

   • "producer" means an individual, partnership, corporation or other organization that controls, administers, directs and is responsible for the production of any television, film, music, video or other entertainment program, whether or not he, she or it will be an owner of copyright in the finished program.

   APPLICATION
   

2. This Code applies to all workplaces in the film, television, music, video or other recorded entertainment industries.

   PARENTAL ACCOMPANIMENT
   

3. Subject to subsection (2),
   • if it is necessary for a child performer to be away from home overnight, the child shall be accompanied by a parent of his or hers at all times that the child is away from the workplace; and

   • if a child performer is under twelve years of age, the child shall be accompanied at all times by a parent of his or hers, both while at a workplace and while travelling to and from the workplace.

   • If a parent cannot accompany his or her child under subsection (1), the parent shall appoint in writing a chaperon who is at least 18 years of age to supervise and look after the child in the parent's stead.

   HEALTH AND SAFETY CONCERNS
   

4. The producer shall ensure that a parent of a child performer,
   • Is informed of all known hazards at the time of engagement and before shooting any scene; and

   • Is advised that a child performer has the right to refuse unsafe work.

5. No child performer shall be required to perform in a situation where there is a likelihood of the child's health or safety being endangered.

   WORKING CONDITIONS
   

6. Subject to subsection (2), no child performer shall spend more than eight hours a day at the workplace, excluding meal breaks.

   A child performer over twelve years of age may spend up to ten hours a day at the workplace but only with the written consent of a parent of his or hers.

   Every child performer shall have at least twelve continuous hours off between work shifts.

   No child performer shall be required to work after 11 p.m. or before 7 a.m. unless a parent of his or hers consents in writing and the child wants to work.

7. No child performer shall be required to work in front of a camera or under lights in violation of the maximum time limits or minimum rest periods set out in the following Table:

   Child Performer's Age	Time before camera or under lights	Minimum Rest Period
   under 3 years	15 consecutive minutes	20 minute break
   3 years and over but under 6 years	30 consecutive minutes	15 minute break
   6 years and over but under 12 years	45 consecutive minutes	10 minute break
   12 years and over but under 16 years	60 consecutive minutes	10 minute break

Issued: Mar/97

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GUIDELINE NO. 23
MOTORCYCLES

1. Extreme caution should be exercised at all times when motorcycles are being used. Only required personnel identified by the Director should be in the vicinity.

2. The Operator should hold a current, valid motorcycle license. The Operator should be familiar with the techniques needed for safely performing the type of motorcycle stunt that is required.

3. Protective equipment, such as a helmet, gloves and other clothing should be worn at all times. Helmets should meet current approved specifications. Where there are special costume requirements, every precaution should be taken in wearing protective clothing under the wardrobe.

4. Ample time and discussion should be given during pre-production, between all concerned parties, as to what type of motorcycle will be needed to safely perform the required sequence. A specific motorcycle type should meet the needs of a specific motorcycle stunt.

5. Motorcycles, ramps and other equipment should be examined prior to use by the Stunt Co-ordinator and the Motorcycle Operator to determine that they are in safe operating condition.

6. The sequence to be photographed, including ramp jumps, "lay downs", "end-overs" and other potential hazards, should be clearly set forth and discussed by all persons involved.

7. Medical providers should be present at all rehearsals and all performances during which planned potentially hazardous motorcycle stunts are performed, in order to administer medical assistance on an emergency basis.

Issued: Jan/92

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GUIDELINES NO. 24
HAIR AND MAKE-UP

1. The term "Hairstylist" is a person holding a current, valid certificate or a letter of approval of qualifications by the Workplace Support Services Branch of the Ministry of Education and Training. Only those persons holding a valid trade licence may be employed as a hairstylist.

2. The Hairstylist/Make-up Artist shall make every effort to inform the people concerned of toxicity and possible health hazards.

3. The Hairstylist/Make-up Artist should check with the Performer regarding sensitivities, allergies, skin reactions, etc.

4. It is the duty and responsibility of the Performer to inform the Hairstylist/Make-up Artist of all known sensitivities, allergies, skin reactions, communicable diseases, etc.

   The Facility
   

5. The hair and make-up room should:
   • be clean;
   • be maintained at a reasonable temperature;
   • be well ventilated;
   • provide a hydraulic chair where possible*;
   • have adequate lighting;
   • provide a first aid kit with eye-washing bottle and/or eye cup.
   
   *The importance of this requirement increases in direct relation to the duration of the production.

   NOTE: Ensure that eye-wash bottles are kept free of dirt and bacteria and are completely refilled after each use.

   Hygienic Guidelines
   

6. Hygienic safety requires the following practices:

   Hot and cold running water is essential.

   Hands must be washed before and after attending each actor; the same applies with the use of gloves.

   Each Performer must have individual sponges, powder puffs, combs and brushes. When transported, should be in a labeled contained bag.

   Containers, razors, scissors, tweezers and spatulas must be disinfected before and after each use.

   Disinfect hairstyling combs and brushes with Barbercide, clean with soap, rinse with water.

   Keep all equipment clean and ready for use.

   Use one mascara per person to prevent the spread of infections.

   Use spatula to remove make-up from compact. Mix on artist's tray, then apply.

   Update and replace old and stale make-up and hair products regularly.

   Chemical Guidelines
   

7. The following recommendations apply when hair/make-up chemicals are used during production.

   Maintain an inventory of products used.

   Research the ingredients of these products to identify any potential health hazards (pay particular attention to routes of entry and dermal irritation).

   Clearly label all chemicals.

   Have Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for each toxic chemical available for the user (refer to Guideline No. 4, Hazardous Materials).

   When involved in potentially hazardous activities such as the application of colours, hairsprays, mixing powder bleaches and oxidizing chemicals, appropriate protective equipment such as face masks, goggles, gloves, etc., should be worn.

   Wherever possible use non-aerosol hairsprays.

   Wherever possible use premixed powders.

   Wherever possible use non-solvent materials such as isopropyl myristate for removing special effects make-up.

   No eating, drinking or smoking while chemicals are being handled.

Issued: Mar/92
Revised: Jan/99

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GUIDELINE NO. 25
LOCATIONS AND TEMPORARY LOCATION FACILITIES

Winnies/Honeywagons/Temporary Wardrobe Units

1. The Driver/Operator is responsible for maintaining a high degree of safety while these units are in use and is expected to meet high standards of competency. A qualified person should be present while such units are in operation.

2. Generator exhausts shall be vented to the outside at all times.

3. Skirting encircling the unit shall not be closer than one foot from the grounds.

4. All portable electric heaters shall be equipped with safety tip-over switches. Such heaters may be installed only on a temporary basis during extremely cold weather or if the permanently installed heater malfunctions.

5. The vehicle and/or generator shall be shut down before fueling. Particular caution should be exercised when priming a carburetor. Fueling shall be done in a safe manner consistent with all Federal and Provincial Fire Codes.

6. All steps shall be stable, slip-proof and constructed securely. All steps shall be cleared of ice, snow and mud as required. Substitutes (i.e., concrete blocks, boxes) shall not be used as steps.

7. A single handrail or grab bar shall be installed on stairs where the floor is over three feet above the ground.

Location Requirements

1. Adequate flush or chemical toilets with hand-washing facilities shall be made available for the use of employees (crew/cast and extras) within easy access of their place of work. This is especially necessary for lunchroom set-ups or where food is served.

2. An adequate supply of safe drinking water shall be kept readily accessible for employees (crew, cast, extras, etc.).

3. Holding areas should be properly heated and ventilated with suitable emergency escapes and seating capacity.

4. Cast and crew exposed to long hours in adverse exterior conditions (heat or cold stress) should be provided with appropriate items to combat such adverse conditions (i.e., temporary shelter, heated washroom facilities, temporary heating devices, hot shots, hot drinks, blankets, adequate fluids, etc.) See Appendix B.

5. The 1st Assistant Director shall communicate the safety/emergency plan by either tailgate discussion or by call sheet, or both (see Safety Responsibilities and Duties - First Assistant Director).

Use of Roads and Highways

1. A traffic control plan shall be developed by the Production Manager and/or the 1st Assistant Director and/or the Location Manager prior to work start. Plans should be communicated to affected personnel before implementation, using two-way communications where possible.

2. Highway and street traffic movement shall be inhibited as little as possible.

3. Routine monitoring of the traffic control plan shall be performed to ensure that the applicable regulations are being compiled with under varying conditions (i.e., traffic patterns, weather conditions, traffic volume, available light, topography, on-coming drivers' field of vision, etc.).

4. The applicable jurisdiction shall be consulted concerning street closures.

Issued: Dec/96
Revised: Jan/99

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GUIDELINE NO. 26
WATER LOCATIONS, SMALL CRAFT/VESSEL AND AT DOCKSIDE

The following procedures are recommended for all work at dockside, aboard certified ships or small craft, for transfers between vessels/small craft, for transfers between vessels/small craft, in and over the water.

As a general consideration, all persons working in these situations need to be prepared for the possibility of accidentally entering the water. Extra precautions are necessary to protect against this potentially hostile environment.

The greatest dangers are drowning and hypothermia. Most victims who drown prior to suffering the effects of hypothermia do so within six minutes of immersion (see APPENDICES B and C).

At Dockside

A spotter should accompany the camera operator at all times while filming on a dock.

Aboard Certified Vessels

1. The Ship's Master shall be the final authority in all matters concerning safety provisions and procedures for all persons, and for the safe operation of the ship.

2. In the event of adverse weather conditions, the Ship's Master shall be the final authority on whether the ship will sail or whether the vessel shall immediately return to port.

3. Before departure, all persons aboard should be thoroughly briefed about the location of safety equipment, its use, and the procedures to be followed in the event of a person overboard or any threat to the integrity of the ship. Sufficient time for this briefing should be provided in the production schedule so that all persons may be present and not otherwise engaged in preparation or loading while the briefing is taking place.

4. A designated person should be in possession of equipment capable of providing two-way communication with the shore. This person shall be identified at the safety briefing before departure.

5. Non-slip footwear should be worn by all production personnel. Outer apparel should be unencumbered by items that could catch, such as belts, straps, etc. If kit/tool/battery belts need to be worn, they should not limit the free movement of the person while boarding, aboard or departing the ship. It is important to consider the weight of these items when choosing flotation gear, as they may impair the flotation effect.

6. Before a temporary structure aboard a ship is used by any employee, a competent person shall make an inspection of the structure. Where the inspection reveals a defect or condition that adversely affects the structural integrity of a temporary structure, no person shall use it until the defect or condition is remedied.

7. While filming or traveling aboard a vessel, a second craft shall be in the immediate vicinity as a safety boat. At least one person on either craft should be qualified in life-saving on water.

8. A spotter should accompany a camera operator on the ship when the camera is not stationery.

9. No person shall work on a temporary structure on a ship in rain, hail or an electrical or wind storm that is likely to be hazardous to his/her safety or health, except where the work is required to remove a hazard, to rescue a person or to protect the safety of the ship.

Aboard Small Craft

1. Only the minimum number of people required should be in a small craft. The total number of people aboard shall never exceed the Safety Rating for the craft.

2. If a small craft is being used as a camera board or as a "picture boat", a second craft shall be in the immediate vicinity as a safety boat. The safety boat shall be in two-way communication with the ship/craft, shall have the capacity to accommodate its own crew plus the number of persons it is providing protection for, and be in two-way communication with the camera/ "picture" boat and shore.

3. Flotation garments shall be worn by all people working in a small craft in open water. A variety of flotation garments are described in Appendix B.

4. Drinking water and appropriate foods for alleviation of motion sickness shall be provided upon departure.

5. Only vessels which comply with the Canada Shipping Act Small Vessel Regulation shall be used.

Transfers Between Vessels/Small Craft In Open Water

1. Transferring between vessels/small craft while in open water is hazardous for even the most experienced of seafarers. In situations where two or more vessels are to be used for filming, it will always be preferable to have persons board at dockside, then travel and return separately to disembark at dockside.

2. Transfers can be physically demanding and should only be undertaken by persons with demonstrated fitness and agility.

3. Transfers between vessels and small craft shall only be undertaken with the supervision of the Ship's Master and shall use a Pilot's ladder. Persons shall have hands free to climb the ladder and be wearing an approved flotation device. Items that must be transferred shall be raised or lowered from the vessel with the higher freeboard, by rope and basket/bag.

Issued: Jan/97

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GUIDELINE NO. 27
USE OF PROPANE

Propane is an economical, easily obtainable, cost-effective fuel. It may be used to provide heat, light or generate electricity.

However, propane is also an extremely flammable fuel with physical characteristics which, if the fuel or its equipment is misused, can result in deadly consequences.

The following guidelines are plain language interpretations of Ontario legal requirements as administered by the Fuel Safety Division of the Technical Standards Safety Association (O. Reg. 514/96 - Propane Storage, Handling and Utilization).

PROPANE USED TO PREPARE FOOD OR PROVIDE REFRIGERATION

1. Portable Barbeques may not be used indoors or in tents.

2. Commercial Grills approved for use indoors may be used indoors, but the propane cylinders must be installed outdoors and the propane piped in to the appliance.

3. Small Buffet Heaters or Self-Contained Cooking Units which use small 1 lb cylinders may be used indoors, as long as they are certified for that use. No more than 3 spare cylinders may be stored inside.

4. Propane Refrigerators may be used as along as the propane supply is installed outside, and the exhaust is vented outdoors.

PROPANE USED TO PROVIDE LIGHT AND/OR HEAT

1. Only persons in possession of a current Record of Training are allowed to install, connect, refuel and operate propane appliances.

2. Open flame direct fired units, such as construction heaters, may not be used to provide heat where people work or gather.

3. Propane fueled Radiant Heaters may be used indoors, as long as the propane cylinders are installed outside, the fuel properly piped in to the appliance, and Carbon Monoxide Monitors installed. The user must ensure that the CO monitors are capable of providing a warning if the carbon monoxide level exceeds 35 ppm. If the CO levels exceed 35 ppm, the user must take immediate action to protect workers and the public from further exposure.

4. Indirect fired, forced air heaters may be used, as long as the propane source is installed outside and properly piped in to the appliance. The appliance must be vented to the outside and the operator must ensure that the product of combustion fumes is not recirculated into the building or tent.

5. Propane fueled lighting units may be used indoors as long as the product of combustion fumes is vented to the outdoors.

INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS
Where an installation requires that the fuel be piped to the appliance, or that the product of combustion fumes be vented to the outdoors, the installation shall be done by a Certified Gas Technician of at least GFII qualification.

PROPANE USED IN SPECIAL EFFECTS

1. No cylinder of greater that 5 lb capacity shall be used for any special effect in a theatre, club, or other venue open to the public.

2. A cylinder of up to 100 lb capacity may be used for special effect appliances on production sites not open to the public.

3. Special effect appliances must be properly constructed using certified components, and must be under the control and close supervision of a Special Effects Technician when in use.

PROPANE STORAGE

Propane cylinders not in use must be stored outdoors in secure, well ventilated storage.

Issued: Jan/99

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